On the far right, just over from the noble gases, the halogens make up a set of extremely reactive gases that form negative ions, or anions, with one negative charge, and love to react with the alkali and alkaline earth metals. The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom. They’re fairly nonreactive, great conductors of heat, but more importantly for us, good conductors of electricity, they’re malleable and they’re extremely important in chemistry but overall surprisingly similar to each other.ġ0. The periodic table is a chart containing information about the atoms that make up all matter. The middle body area of the table is made up of solid rectangle of transition metals – these are the metals you think of as metal, with iron, and nickel, and gold, and platinum.ĩ. Calcium undergoes a very similar reaction to sodium with water, just a little more slowly, producing a little less heat.ħ. Next, you have the alkaline earth metals – reactive metals, but not as reactive as the alkali metals, for cations with two positive charges instead of just one.Ħ. So seeing as they’re so reactive, you don’t find hunks of them lying around in nature instead, chemists must extract them from compounds containing them.ĥ. Alkali metals want nothing more than to dump off an electron and form a positive ion, or cation.Ĥ.
Starting at the left, we have the soft, shiny, extremely reactive alkali metals, so reactive, in fact, that they have to be stored in inert gases or oil, to prevent them from reacting with the atmosphere.ģ. Different groups Mendeleev had identified are a lot of the same groups that we study today.Ģ.
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